Would the president’s obsession with Greenland change if he knew its actual size?
What did you want to be when you grew up? When I was little I wanted to drive a coal truck. My father’s father drove one and I thought that it was really cool. Then in elementary school I wanted to be a cartographer. I was fascinated by maps. My parents bought me a globe and I would spend hours on end looking at every detail, every country, every longitude, every latitude, every lake and mountain range. Everything. I was always bothered when I saw “not to scale.” I would ask my parents “what’s to scale?” They told me to go look in the Encyclopedia Britannica which told me that maps were not to scale but never showed me what the world really looked like. I never quit liking maps but decided in high school that I wanted to be a physicist. I had a great physics teacher and he encouraged me to apply for an NSF grant to study physics during the summer at Norfolk State University. I did and from the first lecture realized that physics was not for me. Maybe I should go back to geography and be a cartographer. But I had a perfectly awful geography teacher and my Dad said “aren’t all the maps already drawn?” So I decided that maybe I would be a lawyer like Dad’s older brother because I did not want to be a school teacher like both of my parents. My older brother wanted to be an engineer and was at Purdue because in those days he wasn’t allowed to go to Georgia Tech but we really didn’t know what an engineer did. Maybe we thought it was like our cousin Herman who was an engineer on the Norfolk Southern railroad.
The map that was on my globe and all my maps was the Mercator projection drawn by the Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It was used by European ship’s captains because it allowed navigators to plot a straight-line course from point A to point B. But when it translated a three-dimensional shape like the Earth into a two-dimensional projection like a map, it distorted size and distance as you got closer to the two poles. As a result Greenland and Antarctica look huge. Greenland actually looks bigger than Africa even though Africa is fourteen times larger than Greenland.
Is the Mercator projection the source of Trump’s obsession with Greenland? The president said in an interview in 2021 “I love maps. And I always said: ‘Look at the size of this. It’s massive. That should be part of the United States.'” Oops. A geography professor said “Anyone who looks at Greenland with a Mercator projection, thinking that it is huge, needs remedial training in geography.” Well that “anyone” is not only Donald Trump but all the rest of us brought up with the Mercator projection.
Why is this artifact of 1569 still used today? There are a lot of conspiracy theories. One is that it is used by the white powers-that-be to make Africa look smaller and the US, Russia and Europe look larger than they are. In fact the Boston schools use the Gall-Peters world map instead to counter “white racism”. But historically cartographers made their homelands greater in size to symbolize its importance and the maps we use were developed by northern Europeans. The Boston school system said explicitly that it wanted to shift away from being Eurocentric. But even the Europeans are moving away from being Eurocentric too. The Gall-Peters world map is now promoted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and is widely used by the British state school system in an effort to depict the Earth closer to how it actually looks rather than how it looked in 1569 to a Flemish cartographer.
But why the Gall-Peters map? It is only one of many of the world. There is the Equal Earth projection map developed by NASA which is based on Robinson projection with the curved sides of the projection suggesting the spherical form of Earth, straight parallels making it easy to compare how far north or south places are from the equator and the meridians are evenly spaced along any line of latitude. There is the Natural Earth projection where the mathematical formulae for the projection were derived from a polynomial used to define the spacing of parallels.

But what would the map look like if China had dominated the world? Here is one drawn by a Chinese cartographer.

I wonder if the Mercator map were not so widely used if the president would be as obsessed with Greenland? But contrary to what my Dad said, there are still maps to be drawn. Maybe I should have become a cartographer after all.
Here is what the countries look like in actual size.

Here is the Gall-Peters map which also distorts the countries as well.
